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Documents authored by Ziegenbein, Dirk

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2023.4
Memory Latency Distribution-Driven Regulation for Temporal Isolation in MPSoCs

Authors: Ahsan Saeed, Denis Hoornaert, Dakshina Dasari, Dirk Ziegenbein, Daniel Mueller-Gritschneder, Ulf Schlichtmann, Andreas Gerstlauer, and Renato Mancuso

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 262, 35th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2023)

Abstract
Temporal isolation is one of the most significant challenges that must be addressed before Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) can be widely adopted in mixed-criticality systems with both time-sensitive real-time (RT) applications and performance-oriented non-real-time (NRT) applications. Specifically, the main memory subsystem is one of the most prevalent causes of interference, performance degradation and loss of isolation. Existing memory bandwidth regulation mechanisms use static, dynamic, or predictive DRAM bandwidth management techniques to restore the execution time of an application under contention as close as possible to the execution time in isolation. In this paper, we propose a novel distribution-driven regulation whose goal is to achieve a timeliness objective formulated as a constraint on the probability of meeting a certain target execution time for the RT applications. Using existing interconnect-level Performance Monitoring Units (PMU), we can observe the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the per-request memory latency. Regulation is then triggered to enforce first-order stochastical dominance with respect to a desired reference. Consequently, it is possible to enforce that the overall observed execution time random variable is dominated by the reference execution time. The mechanism requires no prior information of the contending application and treats the DRAM subsystem as a black box. We provide a full-stack implementation of our mechanism on a Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) platform (Xilinx Ultrascale+ MPSoC), evaluate it using real and synthetic benchmarks, experimentally validate that the timeliness objectives are met for the RT applications, and demonstrate that it is able to provide 2.2x more overall throughput for NRT applications compared to DRAM bandwidth management-based regulation approaches.
Cite as

Ahsan Saeed, Denis Hoornaert, Dakshina Dasari, Dirk Ziegenbein, Daniel Mueller-Gritschneder, Ulf Schlichtmann, Andreas Gerstlauer, and Renato Mancuso. Memory Latency Distribution-Driven Regulation for Temporal Isolation in MPSoCs. In 35th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 262, pp. 4:1-4:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{saeed_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2023.4,
  author =	{Saeed, Ahsan and Hoornaert, Denis and Dasari, Dakshina and Ziegenbein, Dirk and Mueller-Gritschneder, Daniel and Schlichtmann, Ulf and Gerstlauer, Andreas and Mancuso, Renato},
  title =	{{Memory Latency Distribution-Driven Regulation for Temporal Isolation in MPSoCs}},
  booktitle =	{35th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2023)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-280-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{262},
  editor =	{Papadopoulos, Alessandro V.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2023.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-180339},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2023.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: temporal isolation, memory latency, real-time system, multi-core}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2020.21
Control-System Stability Under Consecutive Deadline Misses Constraints

Authors: Martina Maggio, Arne Hamann, Eckart Mayer-John, and Dirk Ziegenbein

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 165, 32nd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2020)

Abstract
This paper deals with the real-time implementation of feedback controllers. In particular, it provides an analysis of the stability property of closed-loop systems that include a controller that can sporadically miss deadlines. In this context, the weakly hard m-K computational model has been widely adopted and researchers used it to design and verify controllers that are robust to deadline misses. Rather than using the m-K model, we focus on another weakly-hard model, the number of consecutive deadline misses, showing a neat mathematical connection between real-time systems and control theory. We formalise this connection using the joint spectral radius and we discuss how to prove stability guarantees on the combination of a controller (that is unaware of deadline misses) and its system-level implementation. We apply the proposed verification procedure to a synthetic example and to an industrial case study.
Cite as

Martina Maggio, Arne Hamann, Eckart Mayer-John, and Dirk Ziegenbein. Control-System Stability Under Consecutive Deadline Misses Constraints. In 32nd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 165, pp. 21:1-21:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{maggio_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2020.21,
  author =	{Maggio, Martina and Hamann, Arne and Mayer-John, Eckart and Ziegenbein, Dirk},
  title =	{{Control-System Stability Under Consecutive Deadline Misses Constraints}},
  booktitle =	{32nd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2020)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-152-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{165},
  editor =	{V\"{o}lp, Marcus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2020.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-123845},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2020.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-Time Control, Deadline Misses, Weakly Hard Models}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.9.12.28
Future Automotive HW/SW Platform Design (Dagstuhl Seminar 19502)

Authors: Dirk Ziegenbein, Selma Saidi, Xiaobo Sharon Hu, and Sebastian Steinhorst

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 12 (2020)

Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 19502 "Future Automotive HW/SW Platform Design". The goal of this seminar was to gather researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to discuss key industrial challenges, existing solutions and research directions in the design of future automotive HW/SW platforms, particularly focusing on predictability of systems regarding extra-functional properties, safe integration of hardware and software components and programmability and optimization of emerging heterogeneous platforms.
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Dirk Ziegenbein, Selma Saidi, Xiaobo Sharon Hu, and Sebastian Steinhorst. Future Automotive HW/SW Platform Design (Dagstuhl Seminar 19502). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 12, pp. 28-66, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@Article{ziegenbein_et_al:DagRep.9.12.28,
  author =	{Ziegenbein, Dirk and Saidi, Selma and Hu, Xiaobo Sharon and Steinhorst, Sebastian},
  title =	{{Future Automotive HW/SW Platform Design (Dagstuhl Seminar 19502)}},
  pages =	{28--66},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{12},
  editor =	{Ziegenbein, Dirk and Saidi, Selma and Hu, Xiaobo Sharon and Steinhorst, Sebastian},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.12.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-120101},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.12.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: automotive, hw/sw platforms, real-time systems, systems design automation}
}
Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ASD.2019
OASIcs, Volume 68, ASD'19, Complete Volume

Authors: Selma Saidi, Rolf Ernst, and Dirk Ziegenbein

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 68, Workshop on Autonomous Systems Design (ASD 2019)

Abstract
OASIcs, Volume 68, ASD'19, Complete Volume
Cite as

Workshop on Autonomous Systems Design (ASD 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 68, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@Proceedings{saidi_et_al:OASIcs.ASD.2019,
  title =	{{OASIcs, Volume 68, ASD'19, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{Workshop on Autonomous Systems Design (ASD 2019)},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-102-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{68},
  editor =	{Saidi, Selma and Ernst, Rolf and Ziegenbein, Dirk},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ASD.2019},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-103628},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ASD.2019},
  annote =	{Keywords: Hardware, Analysis and design of emerging devices and systems, Computer systems organization, Robotic autonomy, Software and its engineering, Software safety, Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ASD.2019.0
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Authors: Selma Saidi, Rolf Ernst, and Dirk Ziegenbein

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 68, Workshop on Autonomous Systems Design (ASD 2019)

Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Cite as

Workshop on Autonomous Systems Design (ASD 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 68, pp. 0:i-0:xviii, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{saidi_et_al:OASIcs.ASD.2019.0,
  author =	{Saidi, Selma and Ernst, Rolf and Ziegenbein, Dirk},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
  booktitle =	{Workshop on Autonomous Systems Design (ASD 2019)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:xviii},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-102-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{68},
  editor =	{Saidi, Selma and Ernst, Rolf and Ziegenbein, Dirk},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ASD.2019.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-103337},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ASD.2019.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
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